In the United States, an expanded pool of workers - from the emergence of the baby-boom generation and the rising number of women in the workplace - added nearly 2 percentage points a year to economic growth. Since 1995, the narrowing gap between male and female employment has accounted for a quarter of Europe's annual GDP growth. Today, women in the developing world are poised to have a similar impact - if they can be properly educated, equipped and empowered.As governments worldwide seek short- and long-term fixes to waning economic performance, expanding opportunities for the 1.5bn women not employed in the formal sector will take on even greater importance. But simply increasing the number of working women will not be enough. The poorest regions of the world have among the highest levels of female labour force participation, and poverty in those regions persists. Rather, to realise greater returns from female economic activity, the legal, social, financial and educational barriers hindering women's productivity need to be removed.
The Index aims to look beyond gender disparities to the underlying factors affecting women's access to economic opportunity in the formal economy. It draws on data from a wide range of international organisations, including the UN, the International Monetary Fund, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the World Health Organisation, the Food and Agriculture Organisation, and many others. It builds, as well, on existing research programmes, including the World Economic Forum's Global Gender Gap Index and the UN Development Programme's Gender related Development Index (GDI). Owing to the absence of data in key areas, including access to childcare and the existence of training programmes for women, the Economist Intelligence Unit once again called on its global team of analysts to assess progress on these fronts during the past year. The result is a comprehensive assessment of the enabling environment for women's economic participation in 128 countries.
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